Biomaterials and Their Applications

A biomaterial is a biocompatible substance engineered to interact with biological systems for therapeutic and diagnostic, such as pacemakers, dental implants, vascular stents, artificial joints, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, biosensors, image contrast agents in Computer Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, optical imaging, and ultrasound. Biomaterials are also used as assays in point-of-care testing devices. Based on the organs’ biological properties, the biomaterials are mainly classified into metals, polymers, ceramics, and composite biomaterials. The success rate of the implant depends on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the selected material. Each biomaterials have unique properties, so it is used in both soft and hard tissue replacements. In this review, various properties and applications of biomaterials are discussed.

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