Example of analogy using method of agreement

Department of History and Philosophy
Learning Center M33
Lander University
Greenwood, SC 29649

Analogical Arguments

1. An analogy is a relationship between two or more entities which are similar in one or more respects. An analogy is present whenever the following descriptions are present: resemblance, similarity, correspondence, likeness, comparison, similitude, counterpart, image, resemblance of relations and mapping.

Some of the nonargumentative uses of analogy include cases in literature and explanation.

Literary analogies produce a vivid impression in the reader's mind.

Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (without the use of "like" or "as").

1. E.g., the ship plows the sea.
2. E.g., computers have senses and a memory.
3. E.g., his fist was a knotty hammer

1. E.g., cheeks like roses.
2. E.g., "And ice mast high came floating by
   As green as emerald."
3. "Mary Lou Wingate as slightly made
   And as hard to break as a rapier blade."
4. An analogical inference can be a rigorous induction if the respects or circumstances of resemblance are the material or fundamental circumstance* on which all the consequences necessary to be taken into account depend. (An ultimate property is one that is not a consequence of other properties. If the resemblance is an ultimate property, there will be resemblance in the derivative properties.)

Analogies of Similarity, as in the general form of an analogical argument.

E.g., paintings can be compared to the styles of different masters.

• Smith, Jones, Wilson, and Johnson have whitish lips, pale complexions, and whitish fingernails.

http://philosophy.lander.edu/scireas/FILE.html

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